Precentral Gyrus

The precentral gyrus is a prominent structure on the surface of the posterior frontal lobe. It is the site of the primary motor cortex

Central Sulcus

The central sulcus is a prominent landmark of the brain, separating the parietal lobe from the frontal lobe and the primary motor cortex from the primary somatosensory cortex.

Cingulate Gyrus

The cingulate gyrus is an integral part of the limbic system, which is involved with emotion formation and processing, learning, and memory. The combination of these three functions makes the cingulate gyrus highly influential in linking behavioral outcomes to motivation (e.g. a certain action induced a positive emotional response, which results in learning)

Corpus Callosum

The corpus callous is a wide, flat bundle of neural fibers beneath the cortex in the eutherian brain at the longitudinal fissure. It connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres and facilitates interhemispheric communication. It is the largest white matter structure in the brain, consisting of 200–250 million contralateral axonal projections.

Genu

The anterior end of the corpus callosum is named the genu, and is bent downward and backward in front of the septum pellucidum.

Lateral Ventricle

The lateral ventricles are part of the ventricular system of the brain. Both cerebral hemispheres contain a lateral ventricle. The lateral ventricles are the largest of the ventricles.

Each lateral ventricle resembles a C-shaped structure that begins at an inferior horn in the temporal lobe, travels through a body in the parietal lobe and frontal lobe, and ultimately terminates at the interventricular foramen of Monro where each lateral ventricle connects to the central third ventricle.

Pons

The pons contains nuclei that relay signals from the forebrain to the cerebellum, along with nuclei that deal primarily with sleep, respiration, swallowing, bladder control, hearing, equilibrium, taste, eye movement, facial expressions, facial sensation, and posture.

Cerebellum

The cerebellum is located in the posterior cranial fossa. The fourth ventricle, pons and medulla are in front of the cerebellum. It is separated from the overlying cerebrum by a layer of leathery dura mater, the tentorium cerebelli, all of its connections with other parts of the brain travel through the pons.

Medulla Oblongata

The medulla oblongata is the part of the brainstem that is situated between the pons and the spinal cord. The medulla contains the cardiac, respiratory, vomiting and vasomotor centres and therefore deals with the autonomic (involuntary) functions of breathing, heart rate and blood pressure.